 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Phone: 614.298.8781
Fax: 888.883.5787
1508 Hess St. Suite D
Columbus, OH 43212
Fax: 888.883.5787
1508 Hess St. Suite D
Columbus, OH 43212
| An Intelligent approach to fitness |
Better Business Bureau of
Central Ohio Accredited
Central Ohio Accredited
Joints: Where the Bones Meet and the Body Moves
Last time we talked about bones. Bones provide attachment points for the muscles and muscles
contract to move those bones toward each other – remember a muscle can only contract. For the
bones to move and remain connected, joints are required.
Types of Joints
Synarthroses: immovable (examples: bones of the skull and the distal tibiofibular joint)
Amphiarthroses: slightly movable (examples: vertebrae, held tightly together by fibrocartilaginous
discs)
Diarthroses: freely movable These movements can be categorized into 4 kinds: gliding, angular,
circumduction and rotational movements.
There are 7 different types of diarthrodial joints: condyloid, hinge, ball and socket, pivot, plane,
saddles and ellipsoidal. Each of these is specific to enable support with movement and the type of
joint is important to the first understanding of how the body can leverage it.
Structures of a Joint
Bone, Cartilage, Synovium, Synovial Fluid, Ligaments
Hyaline cartilage is the articular cartilage of the joints. It is 60-80% water and its water content
enables a load response in a viscoelastic manner to disperse forces. It is nourished by the synovial
fluid and its purpose is to disperse the forces transferred through the joints and allow movement with
minimal friction and wear.
Meniscus is a type of cartilage in some joints like the knee where extra dispersement of forces are
necessary. It used to be common practice to remove menisci if torn, but it has been shown that even
a partial removal can increase the load by 350%. Today, the goal is to leave as much as possible.
Synovium, or the Joint Capsule, is the white fibrous connective tissue primarily made of collagen that
surrounds each joint. The inner surface of the capsule is the synovial membrane. This membrane is a
loose vascularized connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid.
Synovial fluid is the lubrication and nourishment for the joint. It is highly viscous with slow movements
enabling greater pressure and thus, support. Rapid movement increases the elasticity of the fluid and
that enables it to decrease joint friction. In addition to coating the articular surfaces, synovial fluid is
stored in the spaces of the hyaline cartilage. With movement this fluid moves from the cartilage to the
surface.
Bands of connective tissue that connect bone-bone are called ligaments. Ligaments can be capsular
(a thickened point of the joint capsule), extracapsular or intra articular (inside of the joint).
Arthritis
Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis
Usually begins after age 40 Usually begins between ages 25 and 50
Affects 21 million adult Americans Affects 2.1 million adult Americans
Usually develops slowly, over many years May develop suddenly, within weeks or months
Affects a few joints Usually affects many joints, primarily the small joints on
both sides
of the body
Joint redness, warmth and Morning stiffness is common and may be severe but brief
swelling are usually minimal. (less than 20 minutes). Causes redness, warmth,
swelling and prolonged
morning stiffness of the joints, often lasting for hours
Typically affects only certain Affects many joints, including wrists, elbows and shoulders
joints, such as the hands,
hips, knees and spine. Rarely
affects wrists, elbows or
ankles except after injury.
Does not cause a general Often causes a general feeling of sickness and fatigue,
as well as
feeling of sickness weight loss
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease. There is no single test to diagnose RA. Those
genes that are known to be associated with RA are common and found in many people who will never
develop RA. (Arthritis Foundation)
Prevention of Osteoarthritis (OA): Decrease stress to joints by decreasing body weight, increasing
muscle strength, improving biomechanics. Increase water in joints by increasing daily water intake.
Supplementation? glucosamine and chondroitin
Treatment of Arthritis includes:
Medication - Pain reducing medication
For RA medications that affect the immune system
Injectable Glucocorticoids
Topical Analgesics
Surgery
Strengthen appropriate muscles
Stretching over-tight muscles and fascia
Endurance activity to keep on moving the fluid
Last time we talked about bones. Bones provide attachment points for the muscles and muscles
contract to move those bones toward each other – remember a muscle can only contract. For the
bones to move and remain connected, joints are required.
Types of Joints
Synarthroses: immovable (examples: bones of the skull and the distal tibiofibular joint)
Amphiarthroses: slightly movable (examples: vertebrae, held tightly together by fibrocartilaginous
discs)
Diarthroses: freely movable These movements can be categorized into 4 kinds: gliding, angular,
circumduction and rotational movements.
There are 7 different types of diarthrodial joints: condyloid, hinge, ball and socket, pivot, plane,
saddles and ellipsoidal. Each of these is specific to enable support with movement and the type of
joint is important to the first understanding of how the body can leverage it.
Structures of a Joint
Bone, Cartilage, Synovium, Synovial Fluid, Ligaments
Hyaline cartilage is the articular cartilage of the joints. It is 60-80% water and its water content
enables a load response in a viscoelastic manner to disperse forces. It is nourished by the synovial
fluid and its purpose is to disperse the forces transferred through the joints and allow movement with
minimal friction and wear.
Meniscus is a type of cartilage in some joints like the knee where extra dispersement of forces are
necessary. It used to be common practice to remove menisci if torn, but it has been shown that even
a partial removal can increase the load by 350%. Today, the goal is to leave as much as possible.
Synovium, or the Joint Capsule, is the white fibrous connective tissue primarily made of collagen that
surrounds each joint. The inner surface of the capsule is the synovial membrane. This membrane is a
loose vascularized connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid.
Synovial fluid is the lubrication and nourishment for the joint. It is highly viscous with slow movements
enabling greater pressure and thus, support. Rapid movement increases the elasticity of the fluid and
that enables it to decrease joint friction. In addition to coating the articular surfaces, synovial fluid is
stored in the spaces of the hyaline cartilage. With movement this fluid moves from the cartilage to the
surface.
Bands of connective tissue that connect bone-bone are called ligaments. Ligaments can be capsular
(a thickened point of the joint capsule), extracapsular or intra articular (inside of the joint).
Arthritis
Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis
Usually begins after age 40 Usually begins between ages 25 and 50
Affects 21 million adult Americans Affects 2.1 million adult Americans
Usually develops slowly, over many years May develop suddenly, within weeks or months
Affects a few joints Usually affects many joints, primarily the small joints on
both sides
of the body
Joint redness, warmth and Morning stiffness is common and may be severe but brief
swelling are usually minimal. (less than 20 minutes). Causes redness, warmth,
swelling and prolonged
morning stiffness of the joints, often lasting for hours
Typically affects only certain Affects many joints, including wrists, elbows and shoulders
joints, such as the hands,
hips, knees and spine. Rarely
affects wrists, elbows or
ankles except after injury.
Does not cause a general Often causes a general feeling of sickness and fatigue,
as well as
feeling of sickness weight loss
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease. There is no single test to diagnose RA. Those
genes that are known to be associated with RA are common and found in many people who will never
develop RA. (Arthritis Foundation)
Prevention of Osteoarthritis (OA): Decrease stress to joints by decreasing body weight, increasing
muscle strength, improving biomechanics. Increase water in joints by increasing daily water intake.
Supplementation? glucosamine and chondroitin
Treatment of Arthritis includes:
Medication - Pain reducing medication
For RA medications that affect the immune system
Injectable Glucocorticoids
Topical Analgesics
Surgery
Strengthen appropriate muscles
Stretching over-tight muscles and fascia
Endurance activity to keep on moving the fluid